Dr Sarah Chadburn

Research Fellow

S.E.Chadburn@exeter.ac.uk

Overview

Sarah holds a NERC Independent Research Fellowship at the University of Exeter, and also spends some of her time at the Met Office and has worked in Bergen, Norway. She develops the UK's leading land surface model (JULES), which forms the land part of the Met Office climate models. She specialises in Arctic permafrost and carbon dynamics. The aim of her fellowship is to determine the future of carbon stocks in the Arctic, which has major implications for global climate change, using interdisciplinary approaches including deterministic and statistical modelling, data analysis, in-situ observations and incorporating expertise from project partners in ecology, hydrology, and biogeochemical science. Sarah is part of the JULES science committee as module leader for soil biogeochemistry.

Sarah has previously been employed on the COUP and PAGE21 projects, which were both great opportunities to meet other scientists, visit the Arctic, and were good fun to be involved in. She obtained her PhD from Durham University in 2013, where she studied theoretical cosmology.

Personal webpage and blog

Publications on Google Scholar

Publications

_{Copyright Notice: Any articles made available for download are for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the copyright holder.}

| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2012 | 2010 |

2024

Aalto T, Tsuruta A, Mäkelä J, Mueller J, Tenkanen M, Burke E, Chadburn S, Gao Y, Mannisenaho V, Kleinen T. (2024) Air temperature and precipitation constraining the modelled wetland methane emissions in a boreal region in Northern Europe, volume 2024, pages 1-31, DOI:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2873.
Frieler K, Volkholz J, Lange S, Schewe J, Mengel M, del Rocío Rivas López M, Otto C, Reyer CPO, Karger DN, Malle JT. (2024) Scenario setup and forcing data for impact model evaluation and impact attribution within the third round of the Inter-Sectoral Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a), Geoscientific Model Development, volume 17, no. 1, pages 1-51, DOI:10.5194/gmd-17-1-2024.

2023

Nitzbon J, Schneider von Deimling T, Aliyeva M, Chadburn S, Grosse G, Laboor S, Lee H, Lohmann G, Steinert N, Stuenzi S. (2023) No respite from permafrost-thaw impacts in absence of a global tipping point, DOI:10.31223/x55x08.
Varney RM, Friedlingstein P, Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Cox PM. (2023) Soil carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 Earth system models, DOI:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2666. [PDF]
Young DM, Baird AJ, Morris PJ, Dargie GC, Mampouya Wenina YE, Mbemba M, Boom A, Cook P, Betts R, Burke E. (2023) Simulating carbon accumulation and loss in the central Congo peatlands, Glob Chang Biol, volume 29, no. 23, pages 6812-6827, DOI:10.1111/gcb.16966. [PDF]
Varney RM, Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Jones S, Wiltshire AJ, Cox PM. (2023) Simulated responses of soil carbon to climate change in CMIP6 Earth system models: the role of false priming, Biogeosciences, volume 20, no. 18, pages 3767-3790, DOI:10.5194/bg-20-3767-2023. [PDF]
Frieler K, Volkholz J, Lange S, Schewe J, Mengel M, del Rocío Rivas López M, Otto C, Reyer CPO, Karger DN, Malle JT. (2023) Scenario set-up and forcing data for impact model evaluation and impact attribution within the third round of the Inter-Sectoral Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a), volume 2023, pages 1-83, DOI:10.5194/egusphere-2023-281.
Varney RM, Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Wiltshire AJ, Cox PM. (2023) Simulated responses of soil carbon to climate change in CMIP6 Earth System Models: the role of false priming, DOI:10.5194/egusphere-2023-383. [PDF]
Marthews TR, Lange H, la Torre AM-D, Ellis RJ, Chadburn SE, De Kauwe MG. (2023) Climate and land surface models: Role of soil, Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, Elsevier, 751-761, DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00087-2.

2022

Gao Y, Burke EJ, Chadburn SE, Raivonen M, Aurela M, Flanagan LB, Fortuniak K, Humphreys E, Lohila A, Li T. (2022) Multi-site evaluation of modelled methane emissions over northern wetlands by the JULES land surface model coupled with the HIMMELI peatland methane emission model, volume 2022, pages 1-31, DOI:10.5194/bg-2022-229.
Varney RM, Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Cox PM. (2022) Evaluation of soil carbon simulation in CMIP6 Earth system models, Biogeosciences, volume 19, no. 19, pages 4671-4704, DOI:10.5194/bg-19-4671-2022. [PDF]
Nakhavali MA, Mercado LM, Hartley IP, Sitch S, Cunha FV, di Ponzio R, Lugli LF, Quesada CA, Andersen KM, Chadburn SE. (2022) Representation of the phosphorus cycle in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (vn5.5_JULES-CNP), Geoscientific Model Development, volume 15, no. 13, pages 5241-5269, DOI:10.5194/gmd-15-5241-2022. [PDF]
Burke E, Chadburn S, Huntingford C. (2022) Thawing Permafrost as a Nitrogen Fertiliser: Implications for Climate Feedbacks, Nitrogen, volume 3, no. 2, pages 353-375, DOI:10.3390/nitrogen3020023.
Vitali R, Chadburn SE, Keuper F, Harper AB, Burke EJ. (2022) Simulating Increased Permafrost Peatland Plant Productivity in Response to Belowground Fertilisation Using the JULES Land Surface Model, Nitrogen, volume 3, no. 2, pages 260-283, DOI:10.3390/nitrogen3020018.
Smith ND, Burke EJ, Aas KS, Althuizen IHJ, Boike J, Christiansen CT, Etzelmuller B, Friborg T, Lee H, Rumbold H. (2022) Explicitly modelling microtopography in permafrost landscapes in a land surface model (JULES vn5.4_microtopography), GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT, volume 15, no. 9, pages 3603-3639, DOI:10.5194/gmd-15-3603-2022. [PDF]
Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Gallego-Sala AV, Smith ND, Bret-Harte MS, Charman DJ, Drewer J, Edgar CW, Euskirchen ES, Fortuniak K. (2022) A new approach to simulate peat accumulation, degradation and stability in a global land surface scheme (JULES vn5.8_accumulate_soil) for northern and temperate peatlands, Geoscientific Model Development, volume 15, no. 4, pages 1633-1657, DOI:10.5194/gmd-15-1633-2022. [PDF]
Varney RM, Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Cox PM. (2022) Evaluation of soil carbon simulation in CMIP6 Earth System Models, DOI:10.5194/bg-2022-13. [PDF]

2021

Nakhavali MA, Mercado L, Hartley IP, Sitch S, Cunha FV, Ponzio RD, Lugli LF, Quesada CA, Andersen KM, Chadburn SE. (2021) Representation of phosphorus cycle in Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (vn5.5_JULES-CNP), Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, DOI:10.5194/gmd-2021-403.
Smith ND, Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Aas KS, Althuizen IHJ, Boike J, Christiansen CT, Etzelmüller B, Friborg T, Lee H. (2021) Explicitly modelling microtopography in permafrost landscapes in a land-surface model (JULES vn5.4_microtopography), volume 2021, pages 1-43, DOI:10.5194/gmd-2021-285.
Hartley IP, Hill TC, Chadburn SE, Hugelius G. (2021) Temperature effects on carbon storage are controlled by soil stabilisation capacities, Nature Communications, volume 12, no. 1, DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-27101-1.
von Deimling TS, Lee H, Ingeman-Nielsen T, Westermann S, Romanovsky V, Lamoureux S, Walker DA, Chadburn S, Trochim E, Cai L. (2021) Consequences of permafrost degradation for Arctic infrastructure – bridging the model gap between regional and engineering scales, The Cryosphere, volume 15, no. 5, pages 2451-2471, DOI:10.5194/tc-15-2451-2021.
Boike J, Chadburn S, Martin J, Zwieback S, Althuizen IHJ, Anselm N, Cai L, Coulombe S, Lee H, Liljedahl AK. (2021) Standardized monitoring of permafrost thaw: a user-friendly, multiparameter protocol1, Arctic Science, volume 8, no. 1, pages 153-182, DOI:10.1139/as-2021-0007.
Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Gallego-Sala AV, Smith ND, Bret-Harte MS, Charman DJ, Drewer J, Edgar CW, Euskirchen ES, Fortuniak K. (2021) A new approach to simulate peat accumulation, degradation and stability in a global land surface scheme (JULES vn5.8_accumulate_soil), DOI:10.5194/gmd-2021-263. [PDF]
Hayman GD, Comyn-Platt E, Huntingford C, Harper AB, Powell T, Cox PM, Collins W, Webber C, Lowe J, Sitch S. (2021) Regional variation in the effectiveness of methane-based and land-based climate mitigation options, EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS, volume 12, no. 2, pages 513-544, DOI:10.5194/esd-12-513-2021. [PDF]
Wiltshire AJ, Burke EJ, Chadburn SE, Jones CD, Cox PM, Davies-Barnard T, Friedlingstein P, Harper AB, Liddicoat S, Sitch S. (2021) Jules-cn: A coupled terrestrial carbon-nitrogen scheme (jules vn5.1), Geoscientific Model Development, volume 14, no. 4, pages 2161-2186, DOI:10.5194/gmd-14-2161-2021.
Ritson JP, Alderson DM, Robinson CH, Burkitt AE, Heinemeyer A, Stimson AG, Gallego-Sala A, Harris A, Quillet A, Malik AA. (2021) Towards a microbial process-based understanding of the resilience of peatland ecosystem service provisioning - A research agenda, Sci Total Environ, volume 759, DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143467. [PDF]

2020

von Deimling TS, Lee H, Ingeman-Nielsen T, Westermann S, Romanovsky V, Lamoureux S, Walker DA, Chadburn S, Cai L, Trochim E. (2020) Consequences of permafrost degradation for Arctic infrastructure – bridging the model gap between regional and engineering scales, volume 2020, pages 1-31, DOI:10.5194/tc-2020-192.
Nakhavali M, Lauerwald R, Regnier P, Guenet B, Chadburn S, Friedlingstein P. (2020) Leaching of dissolved organic carbon from mineral soils plays a significant role in the terrestrial carbon balance, Glob Chang Biol, volume 27, no. 5, pages 1083-1096, DOI:10.1111/gcb.15460. [PDF]
Chadburn SE, Aalto T, Aurela M, Baldocchi D, Biasi C, Boike J, Burke EJ, Comyn‐Platt E, Dolman AJ, Duran‐Rojas C. (2020) Modeled Microbial Dynamics Explain the Apparent Temperature Sensitivity of Wetland Methane Emissions, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, volume 34, no. 11, DOI:10.1029/2020gb006678. [PDF]
Varney RM, Chadburn SE, Friedlingstein P, Burke EJ, Koven CD, Hugelius G, Cox PM. (2020) A spatial emergent constraint on the sensitivity of soil carbon turnover to global warming, Nature Communications, volume 11, no. 1, article no. 5544, DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-19208-8. [PDF]
Hugelius G, Loisel J, Chadburn S, Jackson RB, Jones M, MacDonald G, Marushchak M, Olefeldt D, Packalen M, Siewert MB. (2020) Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, volume 117, no. 34, pages 20438-20446, DOI:10.1073/pnas.1916387117. [PDF]
Wiltshire AJ, Burke EJ, Chadburn SE, Jones CD, Cox PM, Davies-Barnard T, Friedlingstein P, Harper AB, Liddicoat S, Sitch SA. (2020) JULES-CN: a coupled terrestrial Carbon-Nitrogen Scheme (JULES vn5.1), DOI:10.5194/gmd-2020-205. [PDF]
Hayman GD, Comyn-Platt E, Huntingford C, Harper AB, Powell T, Cox PM, Collins W, Webber C, Lowe J, Sitch S. (2020) Regional variation in the effectiveness of methane-based and land-based climate mitigation options, DOI:10.5194/esd-2020-24. [PDF]
Varney R, Cox P, Chadburn S, Friedlingstein P, Burke E, Koven C, Hugelius G. (2020) A spatial emergent constraint on the sensitivity of soil carbon turnover time to global warming, DOI:10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9866. [PDF]
Andresen CG, Lawrence D, Wilson CJ, McGuire AD, Koven C, Schaefer K, Jafarov E, Peng S, Chen X, Gouttevin I. (2020) Soil moisture and hydrology projections of the permafrost region a model intercomparison, CRYOSPHERE, volume 14, no. 2, pages 445-459, DOI:10.5194/tc-14-445-2020. [PDF]

2019

Andresen CG, Lawrence DM, Wilson CJ, McGuire AD, Koven C, Schaefer K, Jafarov E, Peng S, Chen X, Gouttevin I. (2019) Soil Moisture and Hydrology Projections of the Permafrost Region: A Model Intercomparison, pages 1-20, DOI:10.5194/tc-2019-144.
Boike J, Nitzbon J, Anders K, Grigoriev M, Bolshiyanov D, Langer M, Lange S, Bornemann N, Morgenstern A, Schreiber P. (2019) A 16-year record (2002–2017) of permafrost, active-layer, and meteorological conditions at the Samoylov Island Arctic permafrost research site, Lena River delta, northern Siberia: an opportunity to validate remote-sensing data and land surface, snow, and permafrost models, Earth System Science Data, volume 11, no. 1, pages 261-299, DOI:10.5194/essd-11-261-2019.
Lee H, Ekici A, Tjiputra J, Muri H, Chadburn SE, Lawrence DM, Schwinger J. (2019) The Response of Permafrost and High‐Latitude Ecosystems Under Large‐Scale Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and Its Termination, Earth's Future, volume 7, no. 6, pages 605-614, DOI:10.1029/2018ef001146.
Vereecken H, Weihermüller L, Assouline S, Šimůnek J, Verhoef A, Herbst M, Archer N, Mohanty B, Montzka C, Vanderborght J. (2019) Infiltration from the pedon to global grid scales: An overview and outlook for land surface modeling, Vadose Zone Journal, volume 18, no. 1, DOI:10.2136/vzj2018.10.0191.

2018

Boike J, Nitzbon J, Anders K, Grigoriev M, Bolshiyanov D, Langer M, Lange S, Bornemann N, Morgenstern A, Schreiber P. (2018) A 16-year record (2002–2017) of permafrost, active layer, and meteorological conditions at the Samoylov Island Arctic permafrost research site, Lena River Delta, northern Siberia: an opportunity to validate remote sensing data and land surface, snow, and permafrost models, pages 1-77, DOI:10.5194/essd-2018-82.
Fisher JB, Hayes DJ, Schwalm CR, Huntzinger DN, Stofferahn E, Schaefer K, Luo Y, Wullschleger SD, Goetz S, Miller CE. (2018) Missing pieces to modeling the Arctic-Boreal puzzle, Environmental Research Letters, volume 13, no. 2, DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/aa9d9a.
Boike J, Juszak I, Lange S, Chadburn S, Burke E, Overduin PP, Roth K, Ippisch O, Bornemann N, Stern L. (2018) A 20-year record (1998–2017) of permafrost, active layer and meteorological conditions at a high Arctic permafrost research site (Bayelva, Spitsbergen), Earth System Science Data, volume 10, no. 1, pages 355-390, DOI:10.5194/essd-10-355-2018.
Comyn-Platt E, Hayman G, Huntingford C, Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Harper AB, Collins WJ, Webber CP, Powell T, Cox PM. (2018) Erratum to: Carbon budgets for 1.5 and 2 °C targets lowered by natural wetland and permafrost feedbacks (Nature Geoscience, (2018), 11, 8, (568-573), 10.1038/s41561-018-0174-9), Nature Geoscience, volume 11, no. 11, pages 882-886, DOI:10.1038/s41561-018-0247-9.
Burke EJ, Chadburn SE, Huntingford C, Jones CD. (2018) CO₂ loss by permafrost thawing implies additional emissions reductions to limit warming to 1.5 or 2 °C, ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, volume 13, no. 2, article no. ARTN 024024, DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/aaa138. [PDF]
Harper AB, Powell T, Cox PM, House J, Huntingford C, Lenton TM, Sitch S, Burke E, Chadburn SE, Collins WJ. (2018) Land-use emissions play a critical role in land-based mitigation for Paris climate targets, Nat Commun, volume 9, no. 1, DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-05340-z. [PDF]
Comyn-Platt E, Hayman G, Huntingford C, Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Harper AB, Collins WJ, Webber CP, Powell T, Cox PM. (2018) Carbon budgets for 1.5 and 2 °C targets lowered by natural wetland and permafrost feedbacks, Nature Geoscience, pages 1-6, DOI:10.1038/s41561-018-0174-9.
Collins WJ, Webber CP, Cox PM, Huntingford C, Lowe J, Sitch S, Chadburn SE, Comyn-Platt E, Harper AB, Hayman G. (2018) Increased importance of methane reduction for a 1.5 degree target, ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, volume 13, no. 5, article no. ARTN 054003, DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/aab89c. [PDF]
Nakhavali M, Friedlingstein P, Lauerwald R, Tang J, Chadburn S, Camino-Serrano M, Guenet B, Harper A, Walmsley D, Peichl M. (2018) Representation of dissolved organic carbon in the JULES land surface model (vn4.4-JULES-DOCM), Geoscientific Model Development, volume 11, no. 2, pages 593-609, DOI:10.5194/gmd-11-593-2018.

2017

Chadburn S, Krinner G, Porada P, Bartsch A, Beer C, Marchesini LB, Boike J, Elberling B, Friborg T, Hugelius G. (2017) Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: Using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models, pages 1-41, DOI:10.5194/bg-2017-197.
Boike J, Juszak I, Lange S, Chadburn S, Burke E, Overduin PP, Roth K, Ippisch O, Bornemann N, Stern L. (2017) A 20-year record (1998–2017) of permafrost, active layer, and meteorological conditions at a High Arctic permafrost research site (Bayelva, Spitsbergen): an opportunity to validate remote sensing data and land surface, snow, and permafrost models, pages 1-86, DOI:10.5194/essd-2017-100.
Burke EJ, Ekici A, Huang Y, Chadburn SE, Huntingford C, Ciais P, Friedlingstein P, Peng S, Krinner G. (2017) Quantifying uncertainties of permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks, DOI:10.5194/bg-2016-544. [PDF]
Burke EJ, Chadburn SE, Ekici A. (2017) A vertical representation of soil carbon in the JULES land surface scheme (vn4.3_permafrost) with a focus on permafrost regions, GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT, volume 10, no. 2, pages 959-975, DOI:10.5194/gmd-10-959-2017. [PDF]
Chadburn SE, Krinner G, Porada P, Bartsch A, Beer C, Marchesini LB, Boike J, Ekici A, Elberling B, Friborg T. (2017) Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models, BIOGEOSCIENCES, volume 14, no. 22, pages 5143-5169, DOI:10.5194/bg-14-5143-2017. [PDF]
Nakhavali M, Friedlingstein P, Lauerwald R, Tang J, Chadburn S, Camino-Serrano M, Guenet B, Harper A, Walmsley D, Peichl M. (2017) Representation of dissolved organic carbon in the JULES land surface model (vn4.4_JULES-DOCM), DOI:10.5194/gmd-2017-172. [PDF]
Burke EJ, Ekici A, Huang Y, Chadburn SE, Huntingford C, Ciais P, Friedlingstein P, Peng S, Krinner G. (2017) Quantifying uncertainties of permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks, BIOGEOSCIENCES, volume 14, no. 12, pages 3051-3066, DOI:10.5194/bg-14-3051-2017. [PDF]
Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Cox PM, Friedlingstein P, Hugelius G, Westermann S. (2017) An observation-based constraint on permafrost loss as a function of global warming, Nature Climate Change, volume 7, no. 5, pages 340-344, DOI:10.1038/nclimate3262. [PDF]

2016

Burke EJ, Chadburn SE, Ekici A. (2016) A vertical representation of soil carbon in the JULES land surface scheme with a focus on permafrost regions, pages 1-30, DOI:10.5194/gmd-2016-235.

2015

Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Essery RLH, Boike J, Langer M, Heikenfeld M, Cox PM, Friedlingstein P. (2015) Impact of model developments on present and future simulations of permafrost in a global land-surface model, DOI:10.5194/tcd-9-1965-2015. [PDF]
Chadburn S, Burke E, Essery R, Boike J, Langer M, Heikenfeld M, Cox P, Friedlingstein P. (2015) An improved representation of physical permafrost dynamics in the JULES land surface model, DOI:10.5194/gmdd-8-715-2015. [PDF]
Chadburn SE, Burke EJ, Essery RLH, Boike J, Langer M, Heikenfeld M, Cox PM, Friedlingstein P. (2015) Impact of model developments on present and future simulations of permafrost in a global land-surface model, Cryosphere, volume 9, no. 4, pages 1505-1521, DOI:10.5194/tc-9-1505-2015.
Ekici A, Chadburn S, Chaudhary N, Hajdu LH, Marmy A, Peng S, Boike J, Burke E, Friend AD, Hauck C. (2015) Site-level model intercomparison of high latitude and high altitude soil thermal dynamics in tundra and barren landscapes, Cryosphere, volume 9, no. 4, pages 1343-1361, DOI:10.5194/tc-9-1343-2015.
Chadburn S, Burke E, Essery R, Boike J, Langer M, Heikenfeld M, Cox P, Friedlingstein P. (2015) An improved representation of physical permafrost dynamics in the JULES land-surface model, Geoscientific Model Development, volume 8, no. 5, pages 1493-1508, DOI:10.5194/gmd-8-1493-2015.

2014

Ekici A, Chadburn S, Chaudhary N, Hajdu LH, Marmy A, Peng S, Boike J, Burke E, Friend AD, Hauck C. (2014) Site-level model intercomparison of high latitude and high altitude soil thermal dynamics in tundra and barren landscapes, volume 8, no. 5, pages 4959-5013, DOI:10.5194/tcd-8-4959-2014.
Chadburn S, Gregory R. (2014) Time dependent black holes and scalar hair, Classical and Quantum Gravity, volume 31, no. 19, DOI:10.1088/0264-9381/31/19/195006.

2012

Avgoustidis A, Chadburn S, Gregory R. (2012) Cosmic superstring trajectories in warped compactifications, Physical Review D, volume 86, no. 6, DOI:10.1103/physrevd.86.063516.
Avgoustidis A, Chadburn S, Gregory R. (2012) Cosmic superstring trajectories in warped compactifications, DOI:10.48550/arxiv.1204.0973.

2010

O’Callaghan E, Chadburn S, Geshnizjani G, Gregory R, Zavala I. (2010) Effect of Extra Dimensions on Gravitational Waves from Cosmic Strings, Physical Review Letters, volume 105, no. 8, DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.105.081602.
O'Callaghan E, Chadburn S, Geshnizjani G, Gregory R, Zavala I. (2010) The effect of extra dimensions on gravity wave bursts from cosmic string cusps, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, volume 2010, no. 09, pages 013-013, DOI:10.1088/1475-7516/2010/09/013.
O'Callaghan E, Chadburn S, Geshnizjani G, Gregory R, Zavala I. (2010) Effect of extra dimensions on gravitational waves from cosmic strings, DOI:10.48550/arxiv.1003.4395.
O'Callaghan E, Chadburn S, Geshnizjani G, Gregory R, Zavala I. (2010) The effect of extra dimensions on gravity wave bursts from cosmic string cusps, DOI:10.48550/arxiv.1005.3220.